This poem was, at the time of writing, held to be subversive and revolutionary in Russia. It had a talismanic significance for many a young revolutionary. Manuscript copies of it were often confiscated upon arrest. One, for example, was among the "disloyal writings possessed by officers of the Kiev Grenadier Regiment." Tsar Alexander's reaction to the popularity of this poem was that "Pushkin must be exiled". Capo d'Istrias wrote in his capacity as head of the Foreign Office :
"Некоторые поэтические произведения, а в особенности Ода на свободу, привлекли внимание правительства на г. Пушкина. Среди великих красот замысла и слога это последнее стихотворение свидетельствует об опасных началах, почерпнутых в современной школе, или, лучше сказать, в системе анархии, недобросовестно именуемой системой прав человека, свободы и независимости народов"
"Some pieces of verse and most of all an ode to liberty directed the government's attentions toward Mr. Pushkin. Among the greatest beauties of conception and style this latter piece gives evidence of dangerous principles drawn from the ideas of our age, or, more precisely, that system of anarchy dishonestly called the system of human rights, of freedom and the independence of nations."
Here's me reciting the original Russian followed by the English
Notes:
1 I.e. Venus Aphrodite, associated in antiquity with the Ionian island of Cythera.
2The identity of this "exalted Gaul" is one of the many quarrels with which scholars of Pushkinian minutiae have busied themselves. Possibilities range from Nabokov's suggestion of the minor poet Ponce Denis Ecouchard Le Brun, to the sadly underrated (by modern critics) poet André Chénier who died on the guillotine at the age of 31, to Jacques de Molay- last grand master of the Knights Templar. For a variety of reasons Chénier seems the most likely, or rather, the only likely choice. But obviously this is a question of interest to historians and the appreciator of poetry doesn't, or at least shouldn't, care.
3 C.f. Guillaume Thomas Raynal's Histoire philosophique et politique des établissements et du commerce des Européens dans les deux Indes where he writes:
4King Louis XVI, guillotined in 1793 during the reign of Terror.
5i.e. Napoleonic purple.
6 i.e. Napoleon. Yeah, I know, "psychopath" wasn't a word in the early 19th century.
7 The Tyrant here referred to is Tsar Paul I, father of the then-current Tsar Alexander I. The poem was written in the Turgenevs' apartment which looked out across the canal at the Mikhailovsky Castle, the scene of Paul's assassination in 1801- an event envisioned in the subsequent two stanzas. In Pushkin's time, Paul was considered and depicted as a royal psychopath who ignored the will of his subjects.
8- Clio: the muse of History.
9 Janissaries: i.e. assassins fierce and ruthless as Turkish troops.
Ode to Liberty By Alexander Pushkin Translated by A.Z. Foreman Go shrinking from my eyes and sing No more, Cythera's1 frail queen. Flee. Where are you, scourge of Tsar and King, Proud Muse of Freedom? Come to me. Come now and tear my laurels down And smash the pampered lyre tonight. Let Freedom be my song to smite The scum that capers in a crown. Reveal to me the noble path Where that exalted Gaul2 once strode, When you in storied Days of Wrath Inspired in him a dauntless Ode. Now, favored little pets of fate, You Tyrants of the Nations, tremble! But you, Slaves, hearken and assemble. Be men. Arise now and be great. Wherever my eyes fall, they see A body flayed, an ankle chained, The powerless tears of Slavery, The Law perverted and profaned. Everywhere an iniquitous Power in the fog of superstition Ascends: Vainglory's fateful passion, And Slavery's grisly genius. The only sovereigns with a head Free of the Nations' misery, Rule where the mighty Law is wed Steely with holy Liberty, Where their firm shield is spread for all, Where in a Nation's faithful hand Among mere equals in the land The sword can equitably fall3 To smite transgression from on high With one blow, righteously severe In fingers uncorrupted by Ravenous avarice or fear. Kings, you are throned and crowned by will And law of Man, not Nature's hand. Though you above the people stand, Eternal Law stands higher still. But woe betide the nation now Where it is blithely slumbering, Where Law itself is forced to bow Before the Masses, or the King. Here is the Man: witness he bears To his forebears’ infamous error And in the storm of recent Terror Laid down kingly neck for theirs. King Louis to his death ascends4 In sight of hushed posterity, His crownless, beaten head he bends: Blood for the block of perfidy. The Laws hush and the People too. The lawless guillotine-blade falls. And over freshly fettered Gauls5 A ghastly purple starts to spew. You psychopathic autocrat,6 You and your throne I do despise! You and your children die. To that I turn with joyous loathing eyes. Upon your brow the Peoples read The signature of stamped damnation. Stain of the world, shame of creation, Reproach on earth to God in deed! When on the dark Neva the star Of midnight makes the water gleam, When carefree eyelids near and far Are overwhelmed with peaceful dream, The poet, roused with intellect, Sees the lone tyrant's statue loom Grimly asleep amid the gloom, The palace now a derelict,7 And Clio's8 awesome call he hears Behind those awesome walls of power. Vivid before his sight appears The foul Caligula's last hour. In stars and ribbons he espies Assassins drunk with wine and spite Approaching, furtive in the night With wolfish hearts and brazen eyes. And silent stands the faithless guard, The drawbridge downed without alarm, The gate in dark of night unbarred By treason’s mercenary arm. The shame! The terror of our time! Those Janissary beasts burst in9 And slash. The Criminal Sovereign Is butchered by unholy crime. Now Monarchs, this lesson well: No punishment, no accolade, No altar and no dungeon cell Can be your steadfast barricade. The first bowed head must be your own Beneath Law's trusty canopy Then Peoples' life and liberty Forevermore shall guard your throne. | Вольность: Ода Александр Пушкин Беги, сокройся от очей, Цитеры слабая царица! Где ты, где ты, гроза царей, Свободы гордая певица? — Приди, сорви с меня венок, Разбей изнеженную лиру… Хочу воспеть Свободу миру, На тронах поразить порок. Открой мне благородный след Того возвышенного галла, Кому сама средь славных бед Ты гимны смелые внушала. Питомцы ветреной Судьбы, Тираны мира! трепещите! А вы, мужайтесь и внемлите, Восстаньте, падшие рабы! Увы! куда ни брошу взор — Везде бичи, везде железы, Законов гибельный позор, Неволи немощные слезы; Везде неправедная Власть В сгущенной мгле предрассуждений Воссела — Рабства грозный Гений И Славы роковая страсть. Лишь там над царскою главой Народов не легло страданье, Где крепко с Вольностью святой Законов мощных сочетанье; Где всем простерт их твердый щит, Где сжатый верными руками Граждан над равными главами Их меч без выбора скользит, И преступленье с высока Сражает праведным размахом; Где не подкупна их рука Ни алчной скупостью, ни страхом. Владыки! вам венец и трон Дает Закон — а не природа; Стоите выше вы народа, Но вечный выше вас Закон. И горе, горе племенам, Где дремлет он неосторожно, Где иль народу иль царям Законом властвовать возможно! Тебя в свидетели зову, О мученик ошибок славных, За предков в шуме бурь недавных Сложивший царскую главу. Восходит к смерти Людовик, В виду безмолвного потомства, Главой развенчанной приник К кровавой плахе Вероломства. Молчит Закон — народ молчит, Падет преступная секира….. И се — злодейская порфира На галлах скованных лежит. Самовластительный Злодей!, Тебя, твой трон я ненавижу, Твою погибель, смерть детей С жестокой радостию вижу. Читают на твоем челе Печать проклятия народы, Ты ужас мира, стыд природы, Упрек ты богу на земле. Когда на мрачную Неву Звезда полуночи сверкает, И беззаботную главу Спокойный сон отягощает, Глядит задумчивый певец На грозно спящий средь тумана Пустынный памятник тирана, Забвенью брошенный дворец —, И слышит Клии страшный глас За сими страшными стенами, Калигуллы последний час Он видит живо пред очами, Он видит — в лентах и звездах, Вином и злобой упоенны Идут убийцы потаенны, На лицах дерзость, в сердце страх. Молчит неверный часовой, Опущен молча мост подъемный, Врата отверсты в тьме ночной Рукой предательства наемной…. О стыд! о ужас наших дней! Как звери, вторглись янычары!…, Падут бесславные удары… Погиб увенчанный злодей. И днесь учитесь, о цари: Ни наказанья, ни награды, Ни кров темниц, ни алтари Не верные для вас ограды. Склонитесь первые главой Под сень надежную Закона, И станут вечной стражей трона Народов вольность и покой. |
Notes:
1 I.e. Venus Aphrodite, associated in antiquity with the Ionian island of Cythera.
2The identity of this "exalted Gaul" is one of the many quarrels with which scholars of Pushkinian minutiae have busied themselves. Possibilities range from Nabokov's suggestion of the minor poet Ponce Denis Ecouchard Le Brun, to the sadly underrated (by modern critics) poet André Chénier who died on the guillotine at the age of 31, to Jacques de Molay- last grand master of the Knights Templar. For a variety of reasons Chénier seems the most likely, or rather, the only likely choice. But obviously this is a question of interest to historians and the appreciator of poetry doesn't, or at least shouldn't, care.
3 C.f. Guillaume Thomas Raynal's Histoire philosophique et politique des établissements et du commerce des Européens dans les deux Indes where he writes:
La loi n'est rien, si ce n'est pas un glaive qui se promène indistinctement sur toutes les têtes, et qui abat ce qui s'élève au-dessus du plan horizontal sur lequel il se meut. La loi ne commande à personne ou commande à tous. Devant la loi, ainsi que devant Dieu, tous sont égaux.
The law is nothing, unless it be a sword passing indiscriminately over all heads, and smiting all that rise above the horizontal plane in which it moves. The law governs none, or governs all. Before the Law as before God, all are equal
4King Louis XVI, guillotined in 1793 during the reign of Terror.
5i.e. Napoleonic purple.
6 i.e. Napoleon. Yeah, I know, "psychopath" wasn't a word in the early 19th century.
7 The Tyrant here referred to is Tsar Paul I, father of the then-current Tsar Alexander I. The poem was written in the Turgenevs' apartment which looked out across the canal at the Mikhailovsky Castle, the scene of Paul's assassination in 1801- an event envisioned in the subsequent two stanzas. In Pushkin's time, Paul was considered and depicted as a royal psychopath who ignored the will of his subjects.
8- Clio: the muse of History.
9 Janissaries: i.e. assassins fierce and ruthless as Turkish troops.
Wow its amazing! This is amazing blog ever.
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please translate it also.
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Great Post! This blog is ever amazing. Thanks
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awesome post........
You are very talented! The pronunciation of each language is perfect! and the translations themselves are so beautiful))
ReplyDeleteThank you.
ReplyDeleteI should note that it usually takes several re-recordings to get the pronunciation right. I'm rather compulsive about that: if a single consonant is off, if I notice a vowel slightly improperly articulated, I can't help but rerecord it.
then you are very patient too)))
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ReplyDeleteI very much like this Ode and your versatile translation. I would like to publish it in my edited LAW ANIMATED WORLD (see my blog: http://lawanimatedworld.blogspot.com/ ) in the last page (poetry page). Hope you will have no objection. Thanks.
ReplyDeleteI liked this Ode to Liberty and your versatile translation very much. I would like to publish it in my edited LAW ANIMATED WORLD, in the last page (poetry page). Please visit our weblog: http://lawanimatedworld.blogspot.com/ to know more about our journal. Hope you will have no objection to my publishing the same in our journal. Please reply to mksharma55@gmail.com at the earliest. Thanks.
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